quantum iterative reconstruction (qir)  (Siemens AG)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Combined influence of quantum iterative reconstruction level and kernel sharpness on image quality in photon counting CT angiography of the upper leg

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79188-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the attenuation values, image noise and contrast-to-noise-ratio values for all QIR level (Q1 to 4) depending on the convolution kernel used (Bv48, Bv60 and Bv76). Bv = body vascular; CNR = contrast-to-noise-ratio; HU = hounsfield units; QIR = quantum iterative reconstruction; SD = standard deviation.

Article Snippet: A special quantum iterative reconstruction algorithm was developed for the novel detector type (QIR, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with the aim to overcome the preexisting limitations regarding data complexity and noise structure .

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Combined influence of quantum iterative reconstruction level and kernel sharpness on image quality in photon counting CT angiography of the upper leg

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79188-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Contrast-to-noise ratios of each convolution kernel–QIR level combination. Top row: Bv48, middle row: Bv60, bottom row: Bv76; QIR levels 1 (left) to 4 (right). Bv = body vascular; QIR = quantum iterative reconstruction. The box shows the interquartile range (1st quartile 25% and 3rd quartile 75%). The 1.5-fold interquartile range defines the whiskers and the dots show the outliers between the 1.5-fold and the 3-fold interquartile range.

Article Snippet: A special quantum iterative reconstruction algorithm was developed for the novel detector type (QIR, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with the aim to overcome the preexisting limitations regarding data complexity and noise structure .

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Combined influence of quantum iterative reconstruction level and kernel sharpness on image quality in photon counting CT angiography of the upper leg

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79188-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pairwise comparison of objective image quality criteria (p-values). This table shows the p-values for the differences in the CNR for all QIR level (Q1 to 4) depending on the convolution kernel used (Bv48, Bv60 and Bv76). Significance level was indicated as: n.s . = non-significant; # p ≤ 0.050; ## p ≤ 0.010 and ### p ≤ 0.001. Bv = body vascular; CNR = contrast-to-noise-ratio; HU = hounsfield units; QIR = quantum iterative reconstruction; SD = standard deviation.

Article Snippet: A special quantum iterative reconstruction algorithm was developed for the novel detector type (QIR, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with the aim to overcome the preexisting limitations regarding data complexity and noise structure .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Combined influence of quantum iterative reconstruction level and kernel sharpness on image quality in photon counting CT angiography of the upper leg

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79188-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image blurring metrics. Summary of the image blurring level depending on level of used quantum iterative reconstruction level and convolution kernel. 0 = no blur, 1 = maximum blur. Bv = body vascular; QIR = quantum iterative reconstruction.

Article Snippet: A special quantum iterative reconstruction algorithm was developed for the novel detector type (QIR, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with the aim to overcome the preexisting limitations regarding data complexity and noise structure .

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Combined influence of quantum iterative reconstruction level and kernel sharpness on image quality in photon counting CT angiography of the upper leg

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79188-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image quality with each convolution kernel–QIR level combination. Images of the right leg of one body donor (middle superficial femoral artery). Top row: Bv48, middle row: Bv60, bottom row: Bv76. QIR level 1 to 4 from left to the right. Bv = body vascular; QIR = quantum iterative reconstruction.

Article Snippet: A special quantum iterative reconstruction algorithm was developed for the novel detector type (QIR, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with the aim to overcome the preexisting limitations regarding data complexity and noise structure .

Techniques:

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182012

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCCT angiography of the carotid arteries; mild bilateral extra-cranial atherosclerotic disease. The figure shows a magnified view of a PCCT angiography of the carotid arteries in longitudinal multiplanar reconstruction of the right ( A ) and left ( B ) carotid bifurcation. The image shows mild diffuse predominantly non-calcified atherosclerosis bilaterally (arrowheads) with a more pronounced non-calcified plaque at the ostium of the external carotid artery on the left (* in ( B )). The scan was performed on a commercial whole-body dual-source photon-counting CT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with 0.2/0.1 mm slice thickness/increment, FOV 120–140 mm, resolution matrix of 1024 × 1024 voxels on the source axial reconstructions with a kernel filtering of Bv60-72 (vascular kernel medium-sharp/sharp) and with maximum intensity of Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR 4). The displayed image resolution is 100 microns. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; PCCT = photon-counting CT; FOV = field of view.

Article Snippet: The clinically adopted reconstruction method is known as Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR), developed by Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Computed Tomography

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182012

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCCT angiography of the intra-cranial arteries; mild bilateral atherosclerotic disease. The figure shows a magnified view of a PCCT angiography of the intra-cranial arteries in orthogonal longitudinal multiplanar reconstruction of the right and left intra-petrous internal carotid arteries. The image shows mild diffuse predominantly calcified atherosclerosis bilaterally. The scan was performed on a commercial whole-body dual-source photon-counting CT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with 0.2/0.1 mm slice thickness/increment, FOV 120 mm, resolution matrix of 1024 × 1024 voxels on the source axial reconstructions with a kernel filtering of Bv60-72 (vascular kernel medium-sharp/sharp) and with maximum intensity of quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR 4). The displayed image resolution is 100 microns. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; PCCT = photon-counting CT; FOV = field of view.

Article Snippet: The clinically adopted reconstruction method is known as Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR), developed by Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Computed Tomography

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182012

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCCT angiography of the carotid arteries; ulceration of the internal carotid artery. The figure shows a PCCT angiography of the carotid arteries and in particular a longitudinal multiplanar reconstruction ( A ) and an axial cross-sectional image orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the proximal internal carotid artery ( B ); arrowheads in ( A , B ) are indicating a focal deep ulceration of the wall of the ICA; above the ulceration there is mixed plaque along the ICA; the arrow in A shows a moderate focal non-calcified eccentric thickening of the ventral portion of the distal III of the corresponding common carotid artery. The scan was performed on a commercial whole-body dual-source photon-counting CT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with 0.2 mm slice thickness, 0.1 mm reconstruction increment, FOV 140–160 mm, resolution matrix of 1024 × 1024 pixels on the source axial reconstructions with a kernel filtering of Bv60-72-80 (vascular kernel sharp/ultra-sharp) and with maximum intensity of quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR 4). The displayed image resolution is 100 microns. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; PCCT = photon-counting CT; ICA = internal carotid artery; FOV = field of view.

Article Snippet: The clinically adopted reconstruction method is known as Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR), developed by Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Computed Tomography

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spectral PCCT angiography of the carotid arteries; spectral capabilities. The figure shows 3 different modalities for the visualization performed with spectral PCCT angiography of the right and left carotid artery bifurcations; the vessels are automatically segmented and displayed in longitudinal orthogonal multiplanar views. The spectral imaging modalities are directly reconstructed as such from the scanner or switchable on the workstation; in the figure, the first row ( A ) represents the IODINE image, the middle row ( B ) represents the virtual non-contrast (VNC) image, and the lower row ( C ) represents the PureLumen image. The scan was performed on a commercial whole-body dual-source photon-counting CT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with 0.2/0.4 mm slice thickness, 0.1/0.2 mm reconstruction increment, FOV 140–160 mm, resolution matrix of 512 × 512/1024 × 1024 pixels on the source axial reconstructions with a kernel filtering of Bv48-60 (vascular kernel medium-sharp) and with maximum intensity of Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR 4). Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; PCCT = photon-counting CT; KeV = Kilo-electron-Volt; FOV = field of view; ICA = internal carotid arteries; IOD = spectral mode with iodine image visualization; VNC = spectral mode with virtual non-contrast (elimination of iodine signal within the images; similar to a pre-contrast scan derived from a contrast enhanced scan); pure lumen = spectral mode with sole visualization luminal content/Iodine (more pure visualization that ignores calcifications as well).

Article Snippet: The clinically adopted reconstruction method is known as Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR), developed by Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Imaging, Computed Tomography, Derivative Assay

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182012

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCCT angiography of the intra-cranial Willis’ circle. The figure shows a PCCT angiography of the brain visualized with cinematic rendering ( A ) and MIP ( B ) focused on the posterior cerebral circulation; highly detailed visualization of smaller branches is easily displayed. The scan was performed on a commercial whole-body dual-source photon-counting CT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with 0.2/0.1 mm slice thickness/increment, FOV 120–140 mm, resolution matrix of 1024 × 1024 voxels on the source axial reconstructions with a kernel filtering of Bv60-72 (vascular kernel medium-sharp/sharp) and with maximum intensity of quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR 4). The displayed image resolution is 100 microns. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; PCCT = photon-counting CT; ACA = arteria cerebralis anterior; ACM = arteria cerebralis media; ACP = arteria cerebralis posterior; BA = arteria basilaris; AICA = anterior inferior cerebellar artery; PICA = posterior inferior cerebellar artery; FOV = field of view.

Article Snippet: The clinically adopted reconstruction method is known as Quantum Iterative Reconstruction (QIR), developed by Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).

Techniques: Computed Tomography